Thirty of the experimental balloons were released near Lake Tekapo on New Zealand's South Island this week
Google is trying to work out a way to give affordable internet access to the 4.8billion people who cannot get online
The helium-filled balloons will sail on the wind 12 miles above Earth, inflating to 49ft in diameter
Published:
08:15 EST, 15 June 2013
|
Updated:
04:55 EST, 16 June 2013
Google has
launched 30 balloons into the stratosphere from New Zealand as it
experiments with ways to bring affordable internet access to the world.
Nicknamed Project
Loon, the internet giant is sending the superpressure balloons 12 miles
up into the air, where they will sail around the globe at twice the
altitude of aeroplanes.
The helium-filled
balloons inflate to 49ft in diameter and carry transmitters that could
beam 3G-speed internet to some of the 4.8billion people in the world
that are not yet online, supplying an area of about 780 square miles -
twice the size of New York City.
Scroll down for video
A Google balloon sails in front of the
magnificent Southern Alps following its release from Lake Tekapo on New
Zealand's South Island
Project Loon, which is sending the internet
balloons into the stratosphere, has been developed in Google's X Lab by
the team who invented Google Glasses and its driverless car
The project was tested in secret around
California's central valley. In a hangar at Moffett Field airfield, a
thin polyethylene balloon was inflated to its full diameter of 49ft
A photo taken before the launch shows solar panels and electronics being prepared for lift-off at the New Zealand site
Project Loon was
developed in the company's X Lab by the same team behind Google Glasses
and the driverless car. It is hoped it could save developing countries
the high cost of laying fibre cables to get online and lead to a
dramatic increase in internet access for the likes of Africa and
south-east Asia.
Loon could even provide emergency back-up for areas during natural disasters.
This week the
balloons, made from a thin polyethylene film, were released from a
frozen field near Lake Tekapo on New Zealand's South Island, where they
sailed past the magnificent Southern Alps mountains on their ascent.
'It's pretty hard to
get the internet to lots of parts of the world,' Richard DeVaul, chief
technical architect at Google[x], told the BBC.
'Just because in
principle you could take a satellite phone to sub-Saharan Africa and get
a connection there, it doesn't mean the people have a cost-effective
way of getting online.
'The idea behind Loon
was that it might be easier to tie the world together by using what it
has in common - the skies - than the process of laying fibre and trying
to put up cellphone infrastructure.'
Fifty volunteer residents
signed up to be a tester for a project that was so secret no-one would tell them what it was for.
Technicians came to the volunteers' homes
and attached bright red receivers the size of
basketballs that look like giant Google map pins - which every building would need to receive the signal.
The high altitude balloons have been sent to the edge of space in the experiment
The Google team decamped from its California X Lab to New Zealand to make the project into reality
The balloons were laid out on the ground while
engineers performed final checks on the transmitters they were to carry
into the air
Charles Nimmo, a
farmer and entrepreneur in the small town of Leeston, was the first
tester to get online from the airborne balloons.
Mr Nimmo was able to spend about 15
minutes surfing the web before the balloon transmitting the signal sailed past.
His first stop was to check out the weather. He wanted to find
out if it was an optimal time for 'crutching' his sheep, the term for trimming away the wool around a sheep's bottom.
Mr Nimmo is among the many people living in rural areas,
even in developed countries, who cannot get broadband access.
After
ditching his dial-up service four years ago in favour of satellite internet, he found himself stuck with hefty bills.
'It's been weird,' he said of the Google Balloon Internet experience. 'But it's been exciting to be part of something new.'
Project leader Mike Cassidy said:
'It's a huge moonshot. A really big goal to go after. The power of the
internet is probably one of the most transformative technologies of our
time.'
People have used balloons for
communication, transportation and entertainment for centuries. In recent
years, the military and aeronautical researchers have used tethered
balloons to beam internet signals back to bases on Earth.
Google's balloons fly free and out of
sight, scavenging power from card table-sized solar panels that dangle
below and gather enough charge in four hours to power them for a day as
the balloons sail around the globe on the prevailing winds.
Google team member Jordan Miceli prepares electronics to launch the balloons 12 miles above the Earth
The project remains experimental, with Google
hoping the balloons could beam a 3G-strength internet signal to
developing countries and rural areas
Two-thirds of the Earth's population remains without affordable internet access, with 4.8billion unable to get online
Far below, ground stations with internet capabilities about 60 miles (100km) apart bounce signals up to the balloons.
The signals would hop forward, from one balloon to the next, along a backbone of up to five balloons.
Before heading to New Zealand, Google
spent a few months secretly launching between two and five flights a
week in California's central valley.
'We were chasing balloons around from trucks on the ground,' said Mr DeVaul.
'People were calling in reports about UFOs.'
While there had been rumours about Project Loon, Google had refused to confirm the project until now.
But there have been hints. In
April, Google's executive chairman tweeted: 'For every person online,
there are two who are not. By the end of the decade, everyone on Earth
will be connected.'
In Christchurch this week, the balloons
were invisible in the sky except for an occasional glint, but people
could see them in the remote countryside where
they were launched or through binoculars, if they knew where to look.
At Google's mission control in
Christchurch this week, a team of engineers used wind data from the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to manoeuvre the
balloons over snowy peaks, identifying the wind layer with the desired
speed and direction and then adjusting balloons' altitudes so they
floated in that layer.
Christchurch resident Tania Gilchrist was one of
the 50 testers who signed up for Project Loon without knowing what it
was. A red Google Internet receiver was installed on her roof so she
could receive the signal
Google engineers studied balloon science from
Nasa, the Defence Department and the Jet Propulsion Lab to design their
own airships made of plastic films similar to grocery bags
One of the most complex parts of the project was
hand-building strong, light, durable balloons that could handle
temperature and pressure swings in the stratosphere, Google said
One of the most complex parts of the project was
hand-building strong, light, durable balloons that could handle
temperature and pressure swings in the stratosphere.
Google engineers studied balloon
science from Nasa, the U.S. Defence Department and the Jet Propulsion Lab to
design their own airships made of plastic films similar to grocery bags.
Hundreds have been built so far.
Mr DeVaul said they would not interfere with
aircraft because they fly well below satellites and twice as high as
aeroplanes.
Google played down concerns about surveillance,
emphasising that they would not carry cameras or any other extraneous
equipment.
The balloons would be guided to
collection points and replaced periodically. In cases when they failed, a
parachute would deploy.
The company worked
with the Civil Aviation Authority on the trial, choosing New Zealand
in part because of its remoteness.
Mr Cassidy said in the next phase of
the trial they hope to get up to 300 balloons forming a ring on the 40th
parallel south from New Zealand through Australia, Chile, Uruguay,
Paraguay and Argentina.
Google has released pictures from the first balloon flights, with this one seen as it began to inflate to its full diameter
The solar panels and superpressure balloons were taken to Lake Tekapo in New Zealand, picked because of its remoteness
Christchurch was a symbolic launch
site because some residents were cut off from online information for
weeks following the 2011 earthquake that killed 185 people.
Tania Gilchrist, another tester, said she had been lucky to only lose power for ten hours following the quake.
'After the initial upheaval, the internet really came into play,' she said.
'It was how people co-ordinated relief
efforts and let people know how to get in touch with agencies. It was
really, really effective and it wasn't necessarily driven by the
authorities.'
Terrain should not be a problem for Project Loon. The balloons could stream internet into
Afghanistan's steep and winding Khyber Pass or Yaounde, the capital of
Cameroon, a country where the World Bank estimates only four out of
every 100 people are online.
There are plenty of catches,
including a requirement that anyone using Google Balloon Internet would
need a receiver plugged into their computer in order to receive the
signal.
Google is not talking costs at this
point, although it says it is striving to make both the balloons and
receivers as inexpensive as possible.
At mission control, Google engineers used wind
data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to
manoeuvre the balloons over snowy peaks and get the balloons to float in
the right wind layer
Thirty balloons carrying transmitters were released at Lake Tekapo on New Zealand's South Island this week
The signals travel in the unlicensed
spectrum, which means Google does not have to go through the regulatory
processes required for internet providers using wireless communications
networks or satellites.
International aid groups have been pushing for more connectivity for more than a decade.
In pilot projects,
African farmers solved disease outbreaks after searching the web, while
in Bangladesh 'online schools' take teachers from Dhaka to children in
remote classrooms through large screens and video conferencing.
Temple University
communications professor Patrick Murphy warned of mixed consequences,
pointing to China and Brazil where internet service increased democratic
principles, prompting social movements and uprisings, but also a surge
in consumerism that has resulted in environmental and health problems.
'The nutritional and
medical information, farming techniques, democratic principles those are
the wonderful parts of it,' he said.
'But you also have everyone wanting to drive a car, eat a steak, drink a Coke.'
As the world's largest advertising network, Google itself stands to expand its own empire by bringing internet to the masses.
More users means more potential Google searchers, which in turn give the company more chances to display their lucrative ads.
Richard Bennett, a
fellow with the non-profit Information Technology and Innovation
Foundation, was sceptical, noting that mobile phones are being used far
more in developing countries.
'I'm really glad that Google is doing this kind of speculative research," he said.
'But it remains to be seen how practical any of these things are.'
Imogen Wall, of the
United Nations Office for the Co-ordination of Humanitarian Affairs,
said: 'The potential of a system that can restore connectivity within
hours of a crisis hitting is tremendously exciting.
'If the service fails in a crisis, then lives are lost.'
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2342127/Now-Google-launches-BALLOONS-bid-bring-internet-remotest-places-Earth.html
Comments
Post a Comment