Having pretty thoroughly
explored the Earth, humanity has since turned its attention to the
stars. There are a myriad of missions already in the history books, and
many more underway. We’re at a pivotal time in our exploration of space.
With a bit of luck and science, we may soon be able to explore more
freely and understand the nature of the universe — it’s a bright future.
These are six of the most important upcoming missions that will get us
there.
Mars 2020 rover
The Curiosity rover has been a huge success.
After landing on mars in 2012, the rover has lasted much longer than the
original design life, and has traveled farther on mars than any robot
before it. The next step is the as-yet unnamed Mars 2020 rover. As the
placeholder name implies, NASA wants to launch this mission in 2020. The
rover will be based on the incredibly successful design of Curiosity,
but the instruments it takes along for the ride will be vastly improved.
The Mars 2020 rover will be equipped to investigate the geology of
Mars
with an eye toward detecting the signs of past (or present) life on the
Red Planet. It will use Raman Spectroscopy and x-ray lithochemistry to
identify elemental components and organic materials on Mars with much
more sensitivity than Curiosity can. It may also carry an experiment to
produce breathable oxygen from Mars’ predominantly carbon dioxide
atmosphere. This could have major implications for future manned
missions.
James Webb Space Telescope launch
We’ve been talking a lot about the James Webb Space Telescope (
JWST) lately — NASA has
completed construction of the hardware, and is currently testing it on the ground. It has also asked astronomers to
begin submitting proposals
for time on the telescope after it’s online. This telescope will be
much more powerful the Hubble, which has a mere 48 square feet of
reflective surface compared with JWST’s 270 square feet.
The James Webb Space Telescope will be able to
seem further into the infrared than Hubble, meaning it can study
objects that are obscured by dust or gas. In order to avoid avoid
contaminating heat, the telescope will be placed in the L2 Lagrange
point with the Earth permanently between the telescope and the sun. The
launch is currently on track for October of 2018.
New Horizons Kuiper Belt Extended Mission
NASA’s New Horizons mission was big news in
2015 when it reached Pluto after nearly a decade in space. It’s not over
for the plucky little probe—NASA has added a Kuiper Belt Extended
Mission (KEM) to the schedule. The plan is to send New Horizons onward
into the Kuiper Belt to examine these frigid balls of rock and ice.
New Horizons will make a flyby of an object
known as 2014 MU69 on January 1st 2019. This object is 20 or 25 miles in
diameter and has an unknown composition. This will be the first time
we’ve gotten a close-up look at a Kuiper Belt object (other than Pluto).
Their similarities or differences could tell us a great deal.
ExoMars, part 2
Okay, the first part of ExoMars (a joint
effort of the ESA and Russia’s Roscosmos) didn’t go super-well when the
stationary Schiaparelli lander delivered by the Trace Gas Orbiter
crashed into the surface. The second phase of ExoMars is set to launch
in 2020, and hopefully it goes better. This will include a new surface
platform and a rover.
The new ExoMars surface station will be used
to monitor the planet’s orbit and atmospheric variables over the course
of a year. Meanwhile, the rover will have an advanced exobiology module
to search for signs of life. A core drill will also allow the rover to
dig deep into the surface to obtain its samples. The ESA and Roscosmos
expect the landing to take place in 2021.
SpaceX Dragon 2 crewed flight
SpaceX is one of two companies currently
participating in NASA’s Commercial Crew Program, the other being Boeing.
There’s nothing wrong with Boeing’s plans, but
SpaceX
has a lot more interesting new technology in the crewed version of the
Dragon capsule. Like the current cargo Dragon, the Dragon 2 capsule will
be launched by a Falcon 9 rocket that can land back on Earth after
sending the second stage into space.
Dragon 2 will have space for seven astronauts, and
NASA
has already contracted for six crewed flights to the ISS. The next few
years will include milestones for the Dragon 2 — the one to watch is in
May of 2018. That’s when the Dragon 2 will ferry two astronauts up to
the ISS, marking the first time humans have ridden an American
spacecraft since the Space Shuttle was retired.
Asteroid Redirect Robotic Mission (ARRM)
There are thousands of near-Earth asteroids,
and we can only learn so much about these objects from robotic
exploration. Sending people to an asteroid is still outside our
capabilities, but maybe we can bring part of one here. NASA’s
JPL is working on a plan to visit a nearby asteroid with a probe, and bring a piece of it back.
The Asteroid Redirect Robotic Mission (ARRM)
is currently planned for a 2021 launch, but there’s still a lot of
planning that needs to be done. The probe would land on an asteroid like
2008 EV5 and pick up a 4-meter boulder. The mission could also include
an analysis of gravity deflection — testing to see if the mass of the
probe and boulder can affect the orbit of the asteroid. The boulder
would pose no danger to Earth if it were to get away on the return trip.
The idea is that it could be deposited in orbit of the moon and
astronauts could visit it at a later date in the mid 2020s.
Comments
Post a Comment