The United States on Friday gave Turkey until the end of July to abandon
its purchase of a major Russian missile defense system, which
Washington considers incompatible with Ankara's participation in the
F-35 fighter jet program.
If by July 31 Turkey does not renounce the S-400 system, Turkish pilots
training in the United States on the F-35 will be expelled, and
agreements with Turkish firms subcontracted for manufacturing the F-35
stealth warplane will be cancelled, Ellen Lord, undersecretary of
defense for acquisition and sustainment, told reporters.
Lord said the deadline "will allow sufficient time for Turkish personnel
associated with the F-35 program to be reassigned and depart the United
States... to facilitate an orderly cessation of Turkish participation."
She justified the US ultimatum by the fact that Turkey, a NATO ally of
the United States, had already sent its personnel to Russia to start
training with the S-400.
On Tuesday, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said his country was "determined" to proceed with the Russia deal.
US officials have said they expected Turkey to opt for the American
Patriot air defense system instead, arguing that would allow the F-35
program to continue.
Turkey plans to buy 100 US F-35s and its defense industry has invested significantly in the warplanes' production.
Erdogan said he told the US that Ankara would take steps to buy Patriots
only if Washington's conditions of delivery were as positive as
Moscow's.
"But unfortunately we haven't received a positive proposal from the
American side on the subject of Patriots like the S-400s from Russia,"
he said.
Acting US Defense Secretary Patrick Shanahan said he had sent a letter
to his Turkish counterpart Hulusi Akar informing him of Washington's
decision.
The US offer for the Patriots was "very competitive," Shanahan told reporters.
- Turkey can still 'change course' -
The F-35s are designed to operate in sync and in real-time with NATO's
military systems, including anti-missile defenses, raising US fears that
Russia could fine-tune the S-400's capacities against the Western
alliance through information gleaned in Turkey.
The United States in June 2018 "delivered" four of the F-35s to Turkey
but kept the planes in the United States, officially to train the
Turkish pilots.
If Turkey does not renounce the deal with Russia by July 31, Turkish
companies -- which make 937 different parts of the F-35 -- will be
granted no further subcontracts with their roles reassigned to other
firms, Lord said.
Of the components, around 400 are made only in Turkey, notably landing gear parts and titanium rotor blades.
Aeronautics giant Lockheed Martin and engine maker Pratt & Whitney
have already started to seek new suppliers, although Turkish companies
will be able to finish orders that were already in the works, Lord said.
She said that Turkey's participation would be finished by early 2020.
"Turkey still has the option to change course," she said.
"If Turkey does not accept delivery of the S-400, we will enable Turkey to return to normal," she said.
Launched in the 1990s, the F-35 is the most expensive program in the
history of the US military. The Pentagon estimates its cost at $400
billion, with a goal of manufacturing nearly 2,500 planes in the decades
to come.
Tensions have been on the rise in recent years between the United States
and Turkey as Erdogan increasingly seeks a major role in the Islamic
world.
Turkey has pressed President Donald Trump to remove US troops from Syria
but the United States has worried over the fate of US-allied Kurdish
fighters, who are linked by Erdogan to separatists at home.
Removing one impediment to ties, Turkey last week freed a NASA scientist
with dual citizenship, the second American released after being rounded
up in Erdogan's sweeping crackdown following a failed 2016 coup.
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